The Role of Women in Marjane Satrapis Persepolis Essay -- Muslim Wom

Throughout Persepolis, Marjane Satrapi displays the vital role that the women around her have in develop her character and becoming the woman she is today. Women such as her obtain, her grandmother, her school teachers, the maid, the neighbors, and level(p) the guardians of the revolution influenced Marjane and caused her to develop into an item-by-item, educated, and ambitious woman. Throughout the novel, Marjane never completely conforms or lets go of her roots, this is primarily due to the women who have influenced her. Marjanes mother was one of the most influential people in her life, her mother taught her to be strong and independent. By introducing her mother through the story of her mother getting photographed at a demonstration, Marjane presents her mother as being independent and rebellious (Satrapi 5). Later in the novel Marjanes mother argues with her father to allow Marji to come to a demonstration with them, she claims it is Marjis time to defend her righ ts as a woman (76). Because her mother taught Marji that it is okay for a woman to rebel and speak her mind, Marji never hesitates to speak up and will not conform and allow herself to become just another veiled, female traditionalist. Marjanes mother shows her acceptance of Marjane as an independent woman when she visits her in Austria and asks her for a cigarette (204). Marjanes mother is not ignorant, nor does she hold her daughter back to the rules of society. She knows Marji is braggy up and treats her as an adult, allowing Marji not only to view their relationship in a different way but also to view herself in a different way an independent adult who can make her own choices. Another major role model in Marjanes life was her grandm... ...Marji to see to it that the cultures idolization of martyrs is completely warped. Throughout the rest of the novel Marji never truly escapes the pain that witnessing so much death has caused her, in Austria she tires drugs and love life to comfort her, but nothing works the gruesome picture is never able to escape her mind. Marji is impacted be the courageous women came before her, the women that die unjustly, and even the women who attempt to take away her individuality. Throughout the novel Marji is constantly trying to figure out who she is and who she is going to become. But by the end of the novel Marji evolves into an independent woman who does what she wants with her life to make her happy, something that would never have happened without the influence of women throughout her life. Works CitedSatrapi, Marjane. Persepolis. Pantheon First Edition, 2004

Donald Johanson :: essays research papers fc

Donald JohansonDonald Johanson was born in Chicago in 1943, the son of Swedish immigrants. His father died when he was two, and his mother moved to Hartford, Connecticut, where he developed an interest in anthropology from a neighbor who taught the subject. Although he initially studied chemistry at university, he eventually switched majors to anthropology, and worked during summers on archeological digs. He transferred to Chicago to study under F. Clark Howell for his graduate studies, doing a comprehensive study on chimpanzee dentition for his doctoral thesis. In 1970 and 1971 he visited Africa to do field work at Omo in Ethiopia. In 1972, he and some colleagues went on a short exploratory expedition evaluate the Afar triangle region of Ethiopia. They were impressed by its promise, and planned a full-scale expedition the following year. Back in the USA, Johanson completed his Ph.D. and started a teaching position at Case Western Reserve University.(Johanson) In 1973 he discovered AL 129-1, a small entirely humanlike knee, and the first knee known from the human fossil record. The following year, Johanson and Tom Gray discovered an even more spectacular find, AL 288-1, a partial skeleton of a female australopithecine better known by its nickname of Lucy. (Farah-Karls, 21). In 1975 there was yet another major find when his team found a collection of fossils at a single site that was nicknamed the First Family. In 1976, more hominid fossils were discovered, along with stone tools, which, at 2.5 million years, were the oldest in the world. After 1976, political conditions in Ethiopia prevented further expeditions for nearly 15 years.(Johanson).Johanson, who in 1974 had become a curator at the Cleveland Museum of Natural History, now tackled the task of analyzing the fossils with the aid of Tim White, a young but highly regarded scientist who had entirely finished his Ph.D. Johanson had originally thought that the Hadar fossils were a mixture of Homo and Aust ralopithecus specimens, but White eventually convinced him that all of them belonged to just one species. In 1978 they named that species Australopithecus afarensis.(Johanson). In 1981, Johanson founded the Institute of Human Origins, a non-profit research institution devoted to the study of prehistory. In 1987, the IHO was given permission to demand an expedition to Olduvai Gorge in Tanzania, and found a partial skeleton, OH 62, which is generally attributed to Homo habilis.

Essay --

Out of the many experiments being conducted, I have the pleasure of introducing a layered density column to the class. Density is defined as mass divided by volume or the amount of stuff in a certain amount of space. Composed of many different household products (vegetable oil, rubbing alcohol, and even water), density columns present different layers through the masses of each liquid. These columns can contain as many products the experimenter desires. The liquids chosen that have a higher density tend to weigh more, unlike those that weigh less and float to the top if poured into the column. Along with the liquids chosen objects can be placed into the column, and and then we would be able to see how each layer has an effect on the objects. For my lab experiment, I will be using 7 products throughout my demonstration. I could use as many products that I want, however 7 is a common amount to start with. Every product will be careful according to the amount that the cup can hold. T o conduct my experiment, I will be pouring the products into 2 ounce cups and will construct the column th...

The Presence of God in The History of Plymouth Plantation Essay example

The Presence of God in The memoir of Plymouth Plantation The presence of God is evident in the passage from The History of Plymouth Plantation in every event significant or not. In his diary, William Bradford describes several occurrences in which God played a major role in deciding the outcome. According to Bradford, God can help or hurt according to His will. The first of these displays of Gods will in this passage was of retaliate toward a sailor. He was as Bradford described him a proud and very profane young slice... of a lusty, able body. The sailor would always be denounce the poor people of the Mayflower because of their seasickness. The sailor went as far as to say that he hoped to help cast them overboard before they reached the mainland. Bradford believed that God was cheering to smite this young man with a grievous disease and ironically cause him to be the first to die and be thrown overboard. This proves that Bradfords divinity fudge is all-powerful and able to se ek and gain revenge against those who go against gods elect people. In a later reference, God helps one of his chosen people survive during a storm. A young man named of John Howard was coming up from below deck when he was swept overboard. But, because it pleased God, the man grasped a main line and was able to be saved. Bradford believed that because the man was saved he was one of Gods chosen people and, therefore, later went on to become an important member of their society. This incident ...

Fairness of the SAT :: Standardized Tests ACT SAT Essays

The Scholastic Aptitude Test (SAT) was created to discharge college-bound bookmans on their mathematical and verbal aptitudes and to thus predict their ability to succeed academically in college. In the United States, the SAT is the oldest and or so widely used college entrance test. It was world-class administered in June 1926 to only 8,040 high school students and is now taken by over 2 million students. Over the years, the SAT has become one of the most important tests of a teenagers life for admission to college. The test is administered seven times a year at thousands of testing centers throughout the United States. Most colleges cut into the SAT to be a reliable predictor of academic success in college and is therefore used as a critical tool when selecting applicants. However, the straits that has to be confronted is whether the test is fair to all students.Educators pass water been questioning the validity of the SAT to determine college admission or to predict academi c success because the test appears to be discriminatory and biased against women, minorities, and the poor (low income). The Educational Testing Service (ETS), which produces and administers the test, claims that the SAT in its present-day(prenominal) form is an impartial and objective measure of student ability (Owen 272). However, critics of the SAT argue that tests like the SAT measure little more than the absorption of white upper-middle-class culture and penalize the economically disadvantage (Owen 10). The statistical reality of SAT scores is that students who take coaching/prep courses do better than those who are not coached men do better than women whites do better than blacks and the rich do better than the poor. Based upon my research, the SAT appears to be discriminatory against women, minorities, and the poor, and a test this flawed should not be used as a key factor in college admission or as a predictor of academic success.In March 2005, a new and amend SAT will be introduced to theoretically eliminate any questions deemed biased and discriminatory. This revised SAT would appear to be a concession to the out-cry of criticism against the current test. However, since the new test will emphasize achievement rather than aptitude, it will once again favor the student who can afford coaching and attends a high school with a superior curriculum, i.e. the rich and white. An equal opportunity college entrance examination is virtually impossible because someone will always have/obtain an advantage.

Promethean Myth :: Essays Papers

Promethean MythDiscuss the relationship between Prometheus and Faustus, paying particular perplexity to the use of cultural myth.The beautiful fables of the Greeks, being proper creations of the imagination and not of the fancy, are universal verities. What a range of meanings and what perpetual pertinence has the story of Prometheus. Ralph Waldo Emerson.The exploit and legacy of the Promethean myth raise be traced through history. From Hesiod to Shakespeare, Marlowe to the Coen Brothers, the Promethean motif has been reused and recycled until it holds a distinctly familiar, yet strangely obscure grip on the imagination. What is the reality stinkpot this myth and how does our own contemporary reality compare with a three thousand year old Greek fable? One aspect that we can relate to is the impotence of Prometheus. This is highlighted in Marlowes Dr Faustus this impotence is inextricably linked with the conflict between the representatives of man (Prometheus and Faust us) against a superior power. To explore these links, it is first heady to trace the history and influence of the Promethean myth.The history of this recognised cultural myth is difficult to ascertain, certainly Aeschylus loosely based his play on Hesiods twain poems Theogony and The works and Days, but where can the origin of such a fable be found? History tells us that the early civilisations made sacrifices to their various Gods an tool would be butchered, the fat, bones and entrails would be wholly burnt and the smoke would ascend heavenward. The meat could then be eaten thus ensuring no waste. Hesiods meter reading of the myth about Prometheuss and Zeuss choice seems to have been composed to explain why people didnt have to burn the separate that were good to eat (an etiologic myth). This is just one example, however, of the fire creation story which can be traced throughout many early global cultures, from Scandinavian to Aboriginal witness Krishnas claims that Brahma is the bringer of light for rebirth in Indian mythology. James Frazer gives many examples about the original theft of fire from a wide variety of cultures in his essay .There is no doubt that the Promethean tradition has become an everyday aspect of literary and artistic society Shakespearean lines such as Womens eyes are the source of true Promethean fire to And faster bound to Aarons charming eyes, than is Prometheus tied to the Caucaus 4 expand this, (Nietzsche also argues that Hamlet is a Dionysiac Promethean hero)5 .

Humorists in Society Essay

Humorists have played a substantial part in any society for as long as everyone can remember. Whether its your common, light-hearted comic or the one whos trying to rebel and prove a accredited point with indulge, there will always be someone idolizing them. For instance, in his book Status Anxiety, Alain De Botton decl atomic number 18d that humorists play an absolute vital routine in our society because they ar sufficient to avoid otherwise dour consequences. While I believe that Bottons logic is correct in some(prenominal) examples such as television comics and editorial cartoonists, there are also just as many other examples to prove how humorists are not all told vital.Television comedians do indeed avoid consequences by masking their underlying message with humor. A perfect example is the crew and hosts of Saturday nighttime Live. They are able to successfully take real life scenarios and manipulate them into their carefully planned skits, whether its about Barack Obam a, other political figures, or any number of polemical current events the cast and crew are able to dodge any repercussions because of their humorous effect. Not only do people use shows like Saturday Night Live as meaningless entertainment, but, if I have to guess, a lot of people also end up gaining valuable knowledge about what may be happening around the world. This assumption could be used to support Bottons vitality point, considering many people dont watch the intelligence or make an effort to learn about current events, so one could conclude that these comical television shows are vital to society in order of battle to act as a news casting show. While this might make sense initially, it also helps disprove Bottons opinion. Because these shows use humor to get their point across, it is also skewing what very may be happening for comical purposes, so while people may be gaining knowledge, theyre actually gaining a biased, mis demonstrateed view to the situation.Among the many types of humorists included with the television comics, editorial cartoonists are yet another prominent group who use humor to represent current events, without being penalized for their controversial views. These cartoonists use visual stimuli to provoke a laugh from their viewers they distort the appearance of people, recount sensitive issues in a entertaining way, and use subliminal messages to get their opinion out tothe mankind. Many of these editorial cartoonists arent penalized because they submit their work to an online board anonymously or they already have a superior reputation where nobody wants to create a dispute with them, but furthermore, these cartoonists arent penalized because the way they depict these events are within a common agreement of their viewers.Now there may be a plethora of types of humorists who dont receive repercussions, but contrary to Alain de Bottons reasoning, humorists are not absolutely necessary to our society. They may be able to succe ssfully reach the public in an entertaining way to promote topical situations, however, humorists are not the only type of people who act to spread their opinions. Granted, humorists may be the only ones who dont receive consequence, but activists, editorial columnists, and certain(prenominal) types of criminals all act in the same way many humorists do advocating their opinions to the public. Activists create campaigns, go on strikes, and create public awareness to a certain incident editorial columnists skillfully write a column and post it for anyone on the internet to access certain criminals even commit their crimes in order to rebel against an unjust law. These examples all disprove Bottons reasoning, humorists arent vital because there will always be other people creating a public awareness to whatever may be inequitable.According to author Alain de Botton, humorists play a vital function in our society because they are able to regulate things that otherwise may be dangerou s or impossible to say directly, as stated in his 2004 book, Status Anxiety. I personally believe his logic has its faults and strengths while television comics and cartoonists may avoid these dangerous consequences, they are not the only ones to promote current events to the public, such as activists and editorial columnists. But regardless, it is intumesce known by everyone how humorists have made a huge contribution to society for ages.

Lincoln and Kennedy Assassination Similarities Essay

Similarities between the Lincoln and Kennedy Assassinations Both American presidents Abraham Lincoln and John F. Kennedy (JFK) were tragically assassinated during their terms in office. Both men, admired by many, were detested by many who opposed their political views. Very shortly after the Kennedy assassination in November of 1963, a strikingly similar comparison of the circumstances of his oddment and the death of Lincoln in 1865 surfaced media everywhere. These comparisons have both fueled conspiracies and pointed out some amazingly specific coincidences. Some examples include-Lincoln was elected to Congress in 1846/Kennedy was elected to Congress in 1946-Lincoln was elected president in 1860/Kennedy was elected president in 1960-Both of their wives lost a child while living in the White House-Both were directly concerned with Civil Rights-Lincoln had a secretary named Kennedy who warned him not to go to the theater/Kennedy had a secretary named Lincoln who warned him not to go to Dallas-Both were shot in the back of the head in front of their wives-Lincoln was shot in the Ford Theatre/Kennedy was shot in a Lincoln (made by Ford)-Both shot on Fridays-Booth shot Lincoln in a theater and fled to a warehouse/Oswald shot Kennedy from a warehouse and fled to a theater-Both assassins were killed out front being brought to trial -Lincolns successor was Andrew Johnson (born in 1808)/Kennedys successor was Lyndon Johnson (born in 1908)-both presidents last names contain letters maculation entertaining, most people argue that these coincidences could have occurred to anyone. Several say that similarities between two people can be found easily with a keen analysis. Nevertheless, the conspiracy boggles the minds of Americans daily.

Computers – Invention of the Century

The History of Computers only once in a lifetime will a new invention come about to touch ein truth aspect of our lives. Such devices changed the way we manage, work, and live. A machine that has done all this and more(prenominal) right off exists in nearly every business in the United States. This unconvincing invention is the computer. The electronic computer has been around for over a half-century, exactly its ancestors deem been around for 2000 geezerhood. However, only in the last 40 years has the computer changed American management to its great extent.From the inaugural wooden abacus to the latest high-speed microprocessor, the computer has changed nearly every aspect of management, and our lives for the better. The very earliest existence of the modern day computers ancestor is the abacus. These date back to almost 2000 years ago (Dolotta, 1985). It is only if a wooden rack holding parallel wires on which beads are strung. When these beads are moved along the wire a ccording to program rules that the user must memorize. All ordinary arithmetic operations can be performed on the abacus. This was one of the first management tools used.The next innovation in computers took place in 1694 when Blaise Pascal invented the first digital calculating machine. It could only add numbers pool and they had to be entered by turning dials. It was designed to help Pascals father, who was a tax collector, manage the towns taxes (Beer, 1966). In the early 1800s, a mathematics professor named Charles Babbage designed an automatic calculation machine (Dolotta, 1985). It was steam powered and could store up to 1000 50-digit numbers. Built in to his machine were operations that included everything a modern general-purpose computer would posit.It was programmed by and stored data on cards with holes pluged in them, appropriately called punch cards. This machine was extremely useful to managers that delt with large volumes of good. With Babbages machine, managers could more easily calculate the large numbers accumulated by inventories. The only fuss was that there was only one of these machines built, therefore making it difficult for all managers to use (Beer, 1966). after(prenominal) Babbage, people began to lose interest in computers. However, between 1850 and 1900 there were great advances in mathematics and physics that began to rekindle the interest.Many of these new advances involved complex calculations and formulas that were very time consuming for human calculation. The first study use for a computer in the U. S. was during the 1890 census. Two men, Herman Hollerith and James Powers, developed a new punched-card system that could automatically read information on cards without human (Dolotta, 1985). Since the population of the U. S. was increasing so fast, the computer was an essential tool for managers in tabulating the totals (Hazewindus,1988).These advantages were noted by commercial industries and soon led to the developme nt of ameliorate punch-card business-machine systems by International Business Machines, Remington-Rand, Burroughs, and other corporations (Chposky, 1988). By modern standards the punched-card machines were slow, typically processing from 50 to 250 cards per minute, with each card holding up to 80 digits. At the time, however, punched cards were an enormous step forward they provided a means of infix, output, and memory storage on a massive scale.For more than 50 years following their first use, punched-card machines did the bulk of the worlds business computing (Jacobs, 1975). By the late 1930s punched-card machine techniques had become so substantially established and reliable that Howard Hathaway Aiken, in collaboration with engineers at IBM, undertook construction of a large automatic digital computer based on standard IBM electromechanical parts (Chposky, 1988). Aikens machine, called the Harvard Mark I, handled 23-digit numbers and could perform all four arithmetic operatio ns (Dolotta, 1985).Also, it had special built-in programs to handled logarithms and trigonometric functions. The Mark I was controlled from prepunched paper tape. Output was by card punch and electric typewriter. It was slow, requiring 3 to 5 seconds for a multiplication, but it was fully automatic and could complete long computations without human intervention. The outbreak of World War II produced a desperate need for computing capability, peculiarly for the military (Dolotta, 1985). New weapons systems were produced which needed trajectory tables and other essential data. In 1942, sewer P. Eckert, John W.Mauchley, and their associates at the University of dada decided to build a high-speed electronic computer to do the job. This machine became known as ENIAC, for Electrical Numerical Integrator And Calculator (Chposky, 1988). It could cypher two numbers at the rate of 300 products per second, by finding the value of each product from a multiplication table stored in its memor y. ENIAC was thus about 1,000 times faster than the previous generation of computers. ENIAC used 18,000 standard vanity tubes, occupied 1800 square feet of floor space, and used about 180,000 watts of electricity.It used punched-card input and output. The ENIAC was very difficult to program because one had to essentially re-wire it to perform whatever task he wanted the computer to do. It was efficient in handling the ill-tempered programs for which it had been designed. ENIAC is generally accepted as the first successful high-speed electronic digital computer and was used in many an(prenominal) applications from 1946 to 1955. However, the ENIAC was not accessible to managers of businesses (Beer, 1966). Mathematician John Von Neumann was very interested in the ENIAC.In 1945 he undertook a theoretical study of computation that demonstrated that a computer could have a very simple and yet be able to execute any kind of computation effectively by means of proper programmed control w ithout the need for any changes in hardware. Von Neumann came up with incredible ideas for methods of building and organizing practical, fast computers. These ideas, which came to be referred to as the stored-program technique, became fundamental for future generations of high-speed digital computers and were universally adopted (Dolotta, 1985).The first wave of modern programmed electronic computers to take advantage of these improvements appeared in 1947. This group included computers using random access memory, RAM, which is a memory designed to give almost constant access to any particular piece of information (Dolotta, 1985). These machines had punched-card or punched-tape input and output devices and RAMs of 1000-word capacity. Physically, they were much more compact than ENIAC whatsoever were about the size of a grand piano and required 2500 small electron tubes. This was quite an improvement over the earlier machines.The first-generation stored-program computers required c onsiderable maintenance, usually attained 70% to 80% reliable operation, and were used for 8 to 12 years (Hazewindus,1988). Typically, they were programmed directly in machine language, although by the mid-1950s progress had been made in several aspects of advanced programming. This group of machines included EDVAC and UNIVAC, the first commercially available computers. With this invention, managers had even more power to perform calculations for such things as statistical demographic data (Beer, 1966).Before this time, it was very rare for a manager of a larger business to have the means to process large numbers in so little time. The UNIVAC was developed by John W. Mauchley and John Eckert, Jr. in the 1950s. Together they had formed the Mauchley-Eckert Computer Corporation, Americas first computer company in the 1940s. During the development of the UNIVAC, they began to run short on funds and sold their company to the larger Remington-Rand Corporation. Eventually they built a wor king UNIVAC computer. It was delivered to the U. S.Census Bureau in 1951 where it was used to help tabulate the U. S. population (Hazewindus,1988). Early in the 1950s two important engineering discoveries changed the electronic computer field. The first computers were made with vacuum tubes, but by the late 1950s computers were being made out of transistors, which were smaller, less expensive, more reliable, and more efficient (Dolotta, 1985). In 1959, Robert Noyce, a physicist at the Fairchild semiconducting material Corporation, invented the integrated circuit, a tiny chip of silicon that contained an entire electronic circuit.Gone was the bulky, unreliable, but fast machine now computers began to become more compact, more reliable and have more capacity. These new technical discoveries rapidly found their way into new models of digital computers. Memory storage capacities increased 800% in commercially available machines by the early sixties and speeds increased by an equally l arge margin (Jacobs, 1975). These machines were very expensive to purchase or to rent and were especially expensive to operate because of the cost of hiring programmers to perform the complex operations the computers ran.Such computers were typically found in large computer centers operated by industry, government, and private laboratories staffed with many programmers and support personnel. By 1956, 76 of IBMs large computer mainframes were in use, compared with only 46 UNIVACs (Chposky, 1988). In the 1960s efforts to design and develop the fastest doable computers with the greatest capacity reached a turning point with the completion of the LARC machine for Livermore Radiation Laboratories by the Sperry-Rand Corporation, and the Stretch computer by IBM. The LARC had a core memory of 98,000 nomenclature and multiplied in 10 microseconds.Stretch was provided with several ranks of memory having slower access for the ranks of greater capacity, the fastest access time being less than 1 microseconds and the total capacity in the vicinity of 100 million words. During this time the major computer manufacturers began to offer a appreciation of computer capabilities, as well as various computer-related equipment (Jacobs, 1975). These included input means such as consoles and card feeders output means such as page printers, cathode-ray-tube displays, and graphing devices and optional magnetic-tape and magnetic-disk filing cabinet storage.These found wide use in management for such applications as accounting, payroll, inventory control, ordering supplies, and billing. Central processing units for such purposes did not need to be very fast arithmetically and were primarily used to access large amounts of records on file. The greatest number of computer systems were delivered for the larger applications, such as in hospitals for keeping track of patient records, medications, and treatments given.They were also used in automated library systems and in database systems such as the Chemical Abstracts system, where computer records now on file cover nearly all known chemical compounds (Dolotta, 1985). The trend during the seventies was, to some extent, away from extremely powerful, centralized computational centers and toward a broader part of applications for less-costly computer systems (Jacobs, 1975). Most continuous-process manufacturing, such as petroleum refining and electrical-power distribution systems, began using computers of relatively modest capability for controlling and regulating their activities.In the 1960s the programming of applications problems was an obstacle to the self-sufficiency of moderate-sized on-site computer installations, but great advances in applications programming languages removed these obstacles. Applications languages became available for controlling a great range of manufacturing processes, for computer operation of machine tools, and for many other tasks. In 1971 Marcian E. Hoff, Jr. , an engineer at the Inte l Corporation, invented the microprocessor and another stage in the development of the computer began.A new revolution in computer hardware was now well under way, involving miniaturization of computer-logic circuitry and of component manufacture by what are called large-scale integrating techniques. In the 1950s it was realized that scaling down the size of electronic digital computer circuits and parts would increase speed and efficiency and improve performance. However, at that time the manufacturing methods were not good enough to accomplish such a task. About 1960, photoprinting of conductive circuit boards to eliminate wiring became highly developed.Then it became possible to build resistors and capacitors into the circuitry by photographic means. In the 1970s entire assemblies, such as adders, shifting registers, and counters, became available on tiny chips of silicon. In the 1980s very large scale integration, VLSI, in which hundreds of thousands of transistors are placed o n a single chip, became increasingly common. Many companies, some new to the computer field, introduced in the 1970s programmable minicomputers supplied with parcel packages.The size-reduction trend continued with the introduction of personal computers, which are programmable machines small enough and inexpensive enough to be purchased and used by individuals. One of the first of such machines was introduced in January 1975. Popular Electronics magazine provided plans that would allow any electronics wizard to build his own small, programmable computer for about $380. The computer was called the Altair 8800. Its programming involved force buttons and flipping switches on the front of the box. It didnt include a monitor or keyboard, and its applications were very limited.Even though, many orders came in for it and several famous owners of computer and software manufacturing companies got their obtain in computing through the Altair. For example, Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak, found ers of orchard apple tree Computer, built a much cheaper, yet more productive version of the Altair and turned their hobby into a business. After the introduction of the Altair 8800, the personal computer industry became a fierce battleground of competition. IBM had been the computer industry standard for well over a half-century. They held their position as the standard when they introduced their first personal computer, the IBM Model 60 in 1975.However, the newly formed Apple Computer company was releasing its own personal computer, the Apple II. The Apple I was the first computer designed by Jobs and Wozniak in Wozniaks garage, which was not produced on a wide scale. Software was needed to run the computers as well. Microsoft developed a Disk Operating System, MS-DOS, for the IBM computer while Apple developed its own software. Because Microsoft had now set the software standard for IBMs, every software manufacturer had to make their software compatible with Microsofts. This woul d lead to huge profits for Microsoft.The main goal of the computer manufacturers was to make the computer as affordable as possible while increasing speed, reliability, and capacity. Nearly every computer manufacturer accomplished this and computers popped up everywhere. Computers were in businesses keeping track of even more inventories for managers. Computers were in colleges aiding students in research. Computers were in laboratories making complex calculations at high speeds for scientists and physicists. The computer had made its mark everywhere in management and built up a huge industry. The future is promising for the computer industry and its technology.The speed of processors is expected to double every year and a half in the coming years. As manufacturing techniques are further perfected the prices of computer systems are expected to steadily fall. However, since the microprocessor technology will be increasing, its higher costs will offset the bewilder in price of older processors. In other words, the price of a new computer will stay about the same from year to year, but technology will steadily increase. Since the end of World War II, the computer industry has grown from a standing start into one of the biggest and most lucrative industries in the United States.It now comprises thousands of companies, making everything from multi-million dollar high-speed supercomputers to printout paper and floppy disks. It employs millions of people and generates tens of billions of dollars in sales each year. Surely, the computer has impacted every aspect of peoples lives. It has affected the way people work and play. It has made everyones life easier by doing difficult work for people. The computer truly is one of the most incredible inventions in history to ever influence management, and life.

Key Economic Indicators and Changes over time in Bangladesh

The ancient region that in 1000 B.C. was called the Vanga, or Banga, Kingdom is considered to be 8 among the poorest and to the highest degree densely populated countries today. Bangladesh, an independent country with parliamentary democratic g e realwherenment at the head of the state, remains dependent on abroad investors, grant acquired immune deficiency syndrome and loans from the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank, the U.S., Japan and some Western countries, and suffers from corruption, lack of reforms, weak infrastructure and unstable financial system.The economic exploitation of the East Bengal (contemporary Bangladesh) by the West Pakistan, contemporary Pakistan, has saturnine reveal to be the complete deficit for the first player and the surplus for the other one. Yet, the advantageous climate, fertile soil, abundance of water and population growth are take over playing the essential role and bringing the symmetry in economic indicators income and employment rates , productivity, import and export prices, rising prices, balance of trade, balance of payments, etc.Till the 10th century the East Bengal was ruled by Buddhists. Since that time the power had been pass oning over to Hindu, then Islamic converts in 1576 and British India from 1757 till 1947. However, the foreign dominance has shifted to domestic one and for 24 years the historic region of Bengal was a part of Pakistan. Though, the most of Pakistani population were the residents of East Pakistan (contemporary Bangladesh), the West Pakistan was retentiveness the control over politics and economics.Grace to Sheik Mujibur Rahman and other Bengali nationalists, the independent state of Bangladesh with the capital of the state Dhaka, and Sheikh Mujibur, as its head, was proclaimed on adjoin 26, 1971. However, 1 million Bengalis had to pay the price during the four-year civil war that followed the independence of Bengali nation. On February, 1974, Pakistan finally accepted their autono my attempt and a slaughter of brave soldiers was compensated in an un evaluate way.The greatest problem, which has affected the devastated economy in 1980s, was the population growth. According to the facts, provided by Heitzman, J., and Worden, R., the population of East Bengal in 1901 numbered 29 million people, of East Pakistan 44 million in 1951, of Bangladesh 71 million in 1974, 87 million in 1981 and 110 million in 1988 (1989). It was expected that Bangladesh will reach the mark of 140 million by 2000 and today it numbers 150 million people. Today, Bangladesh takes the first place in population among Asian countries, the third one in national debt and the lowest GDP growth 4.5 percent (Vital Statistics, 2006).Though Bangladesh had such natural resources as natural gas, timber, coal and agricultural land, they could non cover the demand of the growing population, along with natural disasters, such as cyclones, tropical monsoons, droughts, tornadoes, tidal bores and floods therefore, agriculture the key economic factor was rising from ashes over and over again.So, the newly proclaimed judicature had to seek answers to the following issues1) environmental degradation and erosion of soil, deforestation, lack of lands for cultivation, shortages of water and its pollution, natural disasters2) national overpopulation, illiteracy, technological fall back and diseases.The independence has also brought some economic concerns, which have to be solved with the help of brand new economic policies and planning. The government of Bangladesh had to manage over ccc industrial enterprises (90 percent out of all enterprises such like), which West Pakistani owners left after 1971. The grant aid and loan commitments to the developing economy at that time numbered $15 billion disbursed out of $22 billion planned. The UN Development Program, along with the World Bank, the Asian Development Bank and developed countries gave a hand to strengthen the new nation.In orde r to manage the economy, the government of Bangladesh had to develop new industrial capacities and rehabilitate the economy itself. The West Pakistani economic model turned out to be inefficient and has led to economic stagnation. In 1975, the government resolved to organize public corporations and gave a greater scope to private sector, which is still working on. The state-owned enterprises that were targeted at sugar, cotton textiles, steel, fertilizer, chemicals, minerals, pharmaceuticals, fare, forest, paper newsprint, cement, garments, tea processing, engineering and shipbuilding products have been privatized while banking sector, jute, oil and gas production remained under the governmental control.Bangladeshi government endeavored to encourage private sector and investments, denationalize public industries, ease up the import system and reinstate budgetary regulation. Yet, the reforms, expected from an enhanced structural try-on facility (ESAF), along with the International Monetary Fund (IMF), were affected by political confrontation in 1991-1993. That very year, Bangladesh received $3.3 billion in food and development assistance from the United States and was forgiven $293 million of national debt. The corruption level and political troubles cut the foreign investments in 2000-2001 and led to the economic regress.In 2003, after liberalization reform, the Poverty Reduction and Growth Facility (PRGF) $490-million plan for 3 years was approved by the IMF. Also, the World Bank has approved $536 million in interest-free loans. new(prenominal) economic policies originated from the West Pakistani model and estimated the Annual Development Program, Poverty Reduction Strategies (PRSs) and the five-year plans for the economy.The first two waves of the Five-Year Plan failed to meet the objectives but the last one, which lasted from 1985 to 1990 rock-bottom poverty, brought down the rate of population growth to 1.8 percent annually (present rate is 2.2 percen t (Vital Statistics, 2006)), increased exports by 5.9 percent anddomestic savings by 10 percent, attained self- adequacy in food production, stated GDP of 5.4 percent (Heitzman, 1989). In its turn, the government of Bangladesh maintained institutions, responsible for implementation of economic policies and planning. The Planning Commission, the National Economic Council, the Executive mission and the Project Evaluation Committee were and are still monitoring the reforms and progresses of economic policies and plans.According to the Bangladesh fact sheet, the key economic indicators between 2001 and 2006 are as follows GDP deputeed a stable increase from $47.2 billion in 2001 to 63.0 billion in 2006, therefore, real GDP growth change from 4.8 to 6.2 accordingly GDP per capita have increased from $335 to $407 goods exports varied from 14.5 percent of GDP to 16.1 percent. The Central Bank of Bangladesh in its publication Major Economic Indicators provided the ample data on other ec onomic indicators. Hereby, the Bangladeshi inflation rate increased from 1.5 % in 2001 to 6.94 % in 2007 balance of trade, 2007, amounts $-2,551 million, exports increased by $1519.05 to $9036.45 million (20.21 %) and import payments increased by $2172.8 to $12743.5 million (20.55%) in 2007.These promising facts show that foreign investments and loans, along with domestic policies, improved infrastructure and financial system, made economic reforms, and strengthened Bangladeshi positions on the global market. Yet, the growing number of hollow force earns its livings from agriculture, while undeveloped industrial sector, inefficient power supplies and underdeveloped energy and gas resources hide the potential for economic growth, developed market, and the way out of poverty. The government of Bangladesh had turned its blind eye towards the economic perspectives of technological progress, the interrelationship between transportation and communication, and the core economic factor in dustrialization in the very beginning of the new nation, so today it remains underdeveloped and holds the place of one of the poorest countries in the world.ReferencesCentral Bank of Bangladesh. (2007, May). Major Economic Indicators Monthly Update.Department of orthogonal Affairs and Trade. (2006, July). Bangladesh The Economy FactHeitzman, J., Worden, R. (1989). Bangladesh A Country Study. Washington GPO for theLibrary of Congress.Virtual Bangladesh. (2006, August). Economy Vital Statistics. Retrieved June 5, 2007, fromRead also Padma Bridge

Coco Chanel

Fashion fountain. Born on sublime 19, 1883, in Saumur, France. With her earmark suits and little black dresses, cocoanut Chanel created quantifyless originations that atomic number 18 still popular today. She herself became a more revered style icon know for her simple only sophisticated unwrap get togethers paired with great accessories, such as some(prenominal) strands of pearls. As Chanel once said,luxury must be valueable, otherwise it is non luxury. Her early historic period, however, were anything merely glamorous. later on her mothers death, Chanel was put in an orphan be on by her father who worked as a peddler.She was raised by nuns who taught her how to sew togethera learning that would lead to her lifes work. Her nick shape came from some other occupation entirely. During her brief career as a singer, Chanel performed in clubs in Vichy and Moulins where she was called Coco. close to say that the name comes from unmatchable of the songs she used to si ng, and Chanel herself said that it was a slashed version of cocotte, the French word for kept cleaning char, according to an article in The Atlantic. near the age of 20, Chanel became snarled with Etienne Balsan who offered to help her start a millinery employ handst in Paris.She soon left him for one of his even wealthier lifters, Arthur Boy Capel. Both custody were instru mental in Chanels commencement exercise hammer venture. Opening her first crop on Pariss Rue Cambon in 1910, Chanel started out marketing hats. She later added stores in Deauville and Biarritz and began making clothes. Her first taste of clothing victor came from a dress she deviseed out of an old jersey on a chilly day. In response to the many people who assumeed about where she got the dress, she offered to marque one for them. My fortune is built on that old jersey that Id put on because it was cold in Deauville, she once told author capital of Minnesota Morand.In the twenties, Chanel took h er thriving business to new heights. She launched her first perfume, Chanel No. 5, which was the first to run around a designers name. Perfume is the unseen, unforgettable, ultimate accessory of contrive. . . . that heralds your arriver and prolongs your departure, Chanel once explained. In 1925, she introduced the now fabled Chanel suit with collarless jacket and well-fitted skirt. Her designs were ultra for the sentence adoption elements of mens raid and emphasizing comfort over the constraints of hence-popular fashions.She helped women say good-bye to the days of corsets and other confining garments. A nonher 1920s revolutionary design was Chanels little black dress. She took a coloration once associated with mourning and showed just how chic it could be for eveningwear. In addendum to fashion, Chanel was a popular reckon in the Paris literary and artistic worlds. She designed costumes for the Ballets Russes and for Jean Cocteaus play Orphee, and counted Cocteau and a rtist Pablo Picasso among her friends. For a time, Chanel had a kind with composer Igor Stravinsky. other important squeeze for Chanel began in the 1920s.She met the wealthy duke of Westminster aboard his yacht close to 1923, and the two started a decades-long relationship. In response to his marriage proposal, she reportedly said there rich person been several(prenominal) Duchesses of Westminster yet there is only one Chanel The internationalistic economic depression of the thirties had a negative impact on her confederation, but it was the outbreak of macrocosm War II that led Chanel to close her business. She blast her workers and shut down her shops. During the German occupation of France, Chanel got involved with a German legions officer, Hans Gunther von Dincklage.She got special permission to stay in her apartment at the Hotel Ritz. After the warfare ended, Chanel was interrogated by her relationship with von Dincklage, but she was not charged as a collaborator. Some have wondered whether friend Winston Churchill worked behind the scenes on Chanels behalf. patch not officially charged, Chanel suffered in the court of public opinion. Some still viewed her relationship with a national well-disposedist officer as a betrayal of her clownish. Chanel left Paris, spending some eld in Switzerland in a sort of exile. She besides lived at her country house in Roquebrune for a time.At the age of 70, Chanel made a triumphant return to the fashion world. She first received vituperative reviews from critics, but her female and easy-fitting designs soon won over shoppers around the world. In 1969, Chanels fascinating life story became the basis for the Broadway musical Coco feature Katharine Hepburn as the legendary designer. Alan Jay Lerner wrote the book and lyrics for the shows song magical spell Andre Previn composed the music. Cecil Beaton handled the set and costume design for the production. The show received seven Tony distribute nominat ions, and Beaton won for outmatch Costume Design and Rene Auberjonois for Best Featured Actor.Coco Chanel died on January 10, 1971, at her apartment in the Hotel Ritz. She never married, having once said I never wanted to weigh more than heavily on a man than a bird. Hundreds crowded together at the Church of the Madeleine to bid leave of absence to the fashion icon. In tribute, many of the mourners wore Chanel suits. A little more than a decade later her death, designer Karl Lagerfeld took the reins at her company to continue the Chanel legacy. Today her namesake company continues to thrive and is believed to concede hundreds of millions in sales each year.In addition to the longevity of her designs, Chanels life story continues to captivate peoples attention. there have been several biographies of the fashion revolutionary, including Chanel and Her knowledge base (2005) create verbally by her friend Edmonde Charles-Roux. In the recent television biopic, Coco Chanel (2008 ), Shirley MacLaine starred as the famous designer around the time of her 1954 career resurrection. The actress told WWD that she had long been interested in play Chanel. Whats wonderful about her is shes not a straightforward, easy charwoman to understand. Coco ChanelFashion designer. Born on August 19, 1883, in Saumur, France. With her trademark suits and little black dresses, Coco Chanel created timeless designs that are still popular today. She herself became a much revered style icon known for her simple yet sophisticated outfits paired with great accessories, such as several strands of pearls. As Chanel once said,luxury must be comfortable, otherwise it is not luxury. Her early years, however, were anything but glamorous. After her mothers death, Chanel was put in an orphanage by her father who worked as a peddler.She was raised by nuns who taught her how to sewa skill that would lead to her lifes work. Her nickname came from another occupation entirely. During her brief ca reer as a singer, Chanel performed in clubs in Vichy and Moulins where she was called Coco. Some say that the name comes from one of the songs she used to sing, and Chanel herself said that it was a shortened version of cocotte, the French word for kept woman, according to an article in The Atlantic. Around the age of 20, Chanel became involved with Etienne Balsan who offered to help her start a millinery business in Paris.She soon left him for one of his even wealthier friends, Arthur Boy Capel. Both men were instrumental in Chanels first fashion venture. Opening her first shop on Pariss Rue Cambon in 1910, Chanel started out selling hats. She later added stores in Deauville and Biarritz and began making clothes. Her first taste of clothing victory came from a dress she fashioned out of an old jersey on a chilly day. In response to the many people who asked about where she got the dress, she offered to make one for them. My fortune is built on that old jersey that Id put on becau se it was cold in Deauville, she once told author Paul Morand.In the 1920s, Chanel took her thriving business to new heights. She launched her first perfume, Chanel No. 5, which was the first to feature a designers name. Perfume is the unseen, unforgettable, ultimate accessory of fashion. . . . that heralds your arrival and prolongs your departure, Chanel once explained. In 1925, she introduced the now legendary Chanel suit with collarless jacket and well-fitted skirt. Her designs were revolutionary for the timeborrowing elements of mens wear and emphasizing comfort over the constraints of then-popular fashions.She helped women say good-bye to the days of corsets and other confining garments. Another 1920s revolutionary design was Chanels little black dress. She took a color once associated with mourning and showed just how chic it could be for eveningwear. In addition to fashion, Chanel was a popular figure in the Paris literary and artistic worlds. She designed costumes for the Ba llets Russes and for Jean Cocteaus play Orphee, and counted Cocteau and artist Pablo Picasso among her friends. For a time, Chanel had a relationship with composer Igor Stravinsky. Another important romance for Chanel began in the 1920s.She met the wealthy duke of Westminster aboard his yacht around 1923, and the two started a decades-long relationship. In response to his marriage proposal, she reportedly said There have been several Duchesses of Westminsterbut there is only one Chanel The international economic depression of the 1930s had a negative impact on her company, but it was the outbreak of World War II that led Chanel to close her business. She fired her workers and shut down her shops. During the German occupation of France, Chanel got involved with a German array officer, Hans Gunther von Dincklage.She got special permission to stay in her apartment at the Hotel Ritz. After the war ended, Chanel was interrogated by her relationship with von Dincklage, but she was not c harged as a collaborator. Some have wondered whether friend Winston Churchill worked behind the scenes on Chanels behalf. While not officially charged, Chanel suffered in the court of public opinion. Some still viewed her relationship with a Nazi officer as a betrayal of her country. Chanel left Paris, spending some years in Switzerland in a sort of exile. She also lived at her country house in Roquebrune for a time.At the age of 70, Chanel made a triumphant return to the fashion world. She first received scathing reviews from critics, but her feminine and easy-fitting designs soon won over shoppers around the world. In 1969, Chanels fascinating life story became the basis for the Broadway musical Coco starring Katharine Hepburn as the legendary designer. Alan Jay Lerner wrote the book and lyrics for the shows song while Andre Previn composed the music. Cecil Beaton handled the set and costume design for the production. The show received seven Tony Award nominations, and Beaton won for Best Costume Design and Rene Auberjonois for Best Featured Actor.Coco Chanel died on January 10, 1971, at her apartment in the Hotel Ritz. She never married, having once said I never wanted to weigh more heavily on a man than a bird. Hundreds crowded together at the Church of the Madeleine to bid farewell to the fashion icon. In tribute, many of the mourners wore Chanel suits. A little more than a decade after her death, designer Karl Lagerfeld took the reins at her company to continue the Chanel legacy. Today her namesake company continues to thrive and is believed to generate hundreds of millions in sales each year.In addition to the longevity of her designs, Chanels life story continues to captivate peoples attention. There have been several biographies of the fashion revolutionary, including Chanel and Her World (2005) written by her friend Edmonde Charles-Roux. In the recent television biopic, Coco Chanel (2008), Shirley MacLaine starred as the famous designer around the t ime of her 1954 career resurrection. The actress told WWD that she had long been interested in playing Chanel. Whats wonderful about her is shes not a straightforward, easy woman to understand. Coco Chanelfinal exam Research Paper May 3, 2012 Fashion Leader, Nazi Informant, Compulsive Liar Coco Chanel (1918-1945) Agent F-7124, code name Westminster. To those of you who were not involved with German armed forces Intelligence during World War II, you may know Agent F-7124 as Coco Chanel. Chanel has been one of the top names in high end fashion for almost one hundred years but the woman behind the brand has a shocking past that would make any customer prize twice before a purchase. Chanel herself once said during the German Occupation of France, For a woman betrayal has no senseone cannot betray ones passions1. Chanel held this statement true through three personal business with Nazi officers during World War II, an affair with a French textile heir who introduced her to an face ar istocrat who conveniently funded her first two boutiques in Paris2. In short, Chanel slept her way to the top of the fashion industry. Nonetheless, in 1926 the October issue of American Vogue Magazine impute Chanel with standardizing fashion in a caption under her signature black dress, Here is a Ford signed Chanelthe frock that all the world lead wear. 3 And they did by 1935 Chanel was selling 28,000 designs worldwide. Coco Chanel was born Gabrielle Bonheur Chanel in 1883 in Paris, France and was the second child to an unwed mother. Years later her parents would marry and have fin more children. When Chanel was 12 years old her mother died and her father took Chanel and her six siblings to a convent for orphans where nuns would raise them until they reached age 18. At the convent Chanel learned to sew and was able to begin work as a seamstress when she left. Living on her own, Chanel started to sing in a cabaret where she adopted the stage name Coco.Military officers and veloc ity split up members of society frequented the cabaret and Chanel met textile heir Etienne Balsan. Balsan introduced her to Captain Arthur Capel Capel would buy her an apartment in Paris and finance her first two boutiques. Chanel began by designing hats, then womens wear, and eventually perfume. 5 As Chanel made her way into the upper class she frequently fabricated her background to hide that she came from such humble beginnings. Chanel has verbalise in some interviews that she was an only child and has never publically acknowledged that she was raised in an orphanage.Author Louise de Vilmorin once suggested to Chanel that she see a psychiatrist about the unvarying need for fabrication. Chanel replied, I, who never told the truth to my priest? 6 There is no doubt that Chanel is recognized as an innovator of womens fashion during the 1920s. Women cut their pilus and stepped out of their corsets. They wore clothes that gave them a waif- wish silhouette shape, which was a stark c ontrast to the curvy, maternal shape previously connected with femininity. Women also stopped protecting their sputter from sunlight and began to tan.The changes in womens fashion were said to make women feel liberated and in charge of their own fate, but whether fashion had the cogency to truly liberate women is questionable. Historian Mary Louise Roberts wrote that fashion was a highly charged issue in the early 1920s. Every aspect of female dress had not only changed but come mirror opposite of what it had been in 1900. 7 This new style for women was criticized and opposed by traditional conservatives, Catholics, journalists, and most men.The critics felt like gender lines were becoming blurred and women were no longer interested in becoming mothers which they felt was the ultimate goal for a woman. Roberts also wrote that this new fashion was not a marker of social change rather a maker. 8 This interpretation from Roberts is very common among historians on fashion in the 1920 s. Elsa Herrmann wrote that women were in the end finding substance in their life, Women were making goals and this period awakened them from their lethargy and laid upon them the responsibility for their own fate. 9 Feminist historians Caroline Evans and Minna Thornton write that fashion during this time offered women the opportunity to express themselves in a passive manner. The women suggest that it was a way for women to step into the fine arts that have been dominated by men for years. Fashion was also a way for women to use their creativity and become businesswomen. 10 Francois Baudot highlights the victor of Chanels fashion career in connection with the judgement of womens liberation Thousands of women now began to realize that poor chic could be the answer to social snobbery.The Chanel look, with its lines reduced to their simplest expression, shows that how clothes are worn is much more important than what is worn that a good line is worth more than a pretty face that we ll-dressed is not the same as dressy, and that the acme of social cachet was to be proletarian. 11 Baudot is suggesting that this fashion movement started by Chanel actually broke down the class hindrances that had been in place in France for centuries. Should Coco Chanel be given sole credit for this powerful new picture of women? 12 We must ask ourselves what other factors influenced a social change this large?It could be said that World War I had an enormous impact on this change in womens fashion and their feeling of liberation. Throughout this paper I will discuss how World War I gave Chanel the opportunity to start her empire. I will then focus on how Chanel was able to stay an upper class, successful women despite her treatment of the people she employed, her anti-Semitism, and affairs with Nazi officers. To fully understand Chanels actions one must be briefed on the context of each one. During WWI men left their families and jobs to fight. Women had no choice but to provid e for their families.The brutality of World War I made the chances of spouses returning very low. France lost 81,000 military men during WWI. 13 Women in the workplace manufactured war goods and faced extremely poor conditions and were often killed themselves. 14 WWI broke down the gender barrier so that women like Chanel could make a name for themselves and express themselves more freely. Historians acknowledge the rise in consumer culture and credit Chanel as the female liberator and this image was created of Chanel as an icon for women embracing the new look. While Chanel was talented, she was also unashamed to use herself to get ahead.Without her two affairs she would not have had the money to take her brand. For young women yearning to be designers or businesswomen perhaps Chanels way of achieving notoriety is not the most ethical. For some, Chanel could send the message to her peers during this time that sleeping with men for money is how you become successful and internation ally known. As an older women describing her beginnings, Coco Chanel said, I was able to start a high end fashion shop because two gentlemen were outbidding each other over my hot little body 15 The Interwar Period created a culture of consumerism.The economy was prosperous and ready to wear clothing was new and very popular. Chanel would have had a great(p)er time rising to the top of the fashion world without this economic boom from WWI. When Chanels designs were bought by the Parisian elite she was able to make personal connections to keep advancing herself and it benefitted her career. Towards the end of the 1920s her affair with the Duke of Westminster solidified Chanel into the British aristocracy. She became close with Winston Churchill and members of the royal family, which would help her out in the years to come.Together, Chanel and the Duke of Westminster were outspoken with their anti-Semitic views and homophobia. Chanels perfume line had been financed, marketed, and pro duced by two Jewish brothers. Chanel started a 17-year battle with the Wertheimer brothers to gain monetary have over the company for the sole reason cosmos they were Jewish. 16 Once more, Chanel used her body to advance and her blatant intolerance of Judaism and homosexuality is evidence that Chanel was strict and yet was still in business. In 1936 French workers went on strike for higher employs and the French labor unions met with management delegations.Chanel refused to pay any wage increases and other demands brought forth. She eventually realized her fall line would not be produced unless she gave in. Chanel had no respect for the seamstresses she employed even though Chanel was once in that dumbfound herself. She employed roughly 3,000 women where the working conditions and hours were strenuous and took a toll on them. Chanels treatment of the female workers she felt were beneath her is not often written about but it is important to note that once Chanel had become one o f the elite she wanted nothing to do with the lower class.Chanel offered no extra benefits or help to the women working for her after agreements were met. 17 Three years later World War II began and Chanel closed her shops because she felt that war was not a time for fashion. Some see this as retaliation for the labor strike years before. 18 Regardless, Chanels actions against the women she employed go against the idea of the liberated woman she is credited with originating. Now in the fashion industry for twenty years, Chanel had an empire and was an internationally known name.However, the general public at this time had almost no knowledge of where Chanel had come from and how she rose to success. This helped increase the idolatry and admiration women held for her. Chanel created a public persona that was idyllic. Majority of what Chanel told reporters was fabricated because Chanel was so ashamed of her background. 19 It is hard to say whether Chanels fans during this time would h ave remained as loyal if her full background was known. Looking back at the social classes in France during the 1920s and 1930s there was a strong middle class.The middle class appeared in the early 20th century and its members wanted a clear distinction among themselves and members of the lower working classes. 20 Chanels designs that every woman copied in the 20s had evolved into an exclusively high-end collection much like Chanel herself. Chanel resided in the Hotel Ritz in Paris during World War II after the closing of her shops. France was now under German Occupation and German military officers also resided at the Hotel Ritz. While the rest of France was beef up their Resistance, Chanel was practically living with Nazi officers.The French Resistance amongst its citizens was huge and women were central in it. This could potentially have been Chanels moment to earn her status as an icon for women. Female resisters could get away with almost anything because the Nazis were so d ismissive of females having power. These women were excellent at falsifying documents and identities, decoding, and transporting paperwork and they risked everything to be apart of it. 21 Chanel took absolutely no part in the Resistance but rather had an affair with Officer Hans Gunther von Dincklage who was an operative in military intelligence. 2 There are several allegations that Chanel was a Nazi spy. Chanel had become very connected in the past twenty-five years and saw herself as an asset to the Germans. There are travel records in French and British intelligence of Chanel with Nazi officers and their train schedules and dates. There is no actual proof of what Chanel did when she was a spy so she could not be convicted after her arrest in 1944. 23 Chanel handwrote a note to Churchill in 1944 explaining why it looked suspicious for Chanel and her friend Vera Lombardi to have such close connections with the Germans My Dear Winston,Excuse me to come & ask you in such moments like theseI had heard from some time that Vera Lombardi was not very happily treated in Italy on account of her being English and married with an Italian officerYou know me well enough to understand that I did everything in my power to pull her out of that situation which had indeed become tragic as the Fascists had simply locked her up in prisonI was obliged to address myself to someone rather important to get her freed and to be allowed to bring her down here with ethat I succeeded placed me in a very difficult situation as her passport which is Italian has been stamped with a German visa and I understand quite well that it looks a bit suspectyou can well imagine my dear after years of occupation in France it has been my lot to encounter all kinds of people I would have pleasure to talk over all these things with you I remain evermore affectionately, Coco Chanel Perhaps Randolph could give me news of you. 24 Many Parisians postwar took Chanels actions as a slap in the face to France and questioned Chanels consignment to France.Throughout World War II Chanel did not partake in anything to do with fashion and is remembered in France as somewhat of a traitor. Chanel moved to Switzerland following the war and ten years later returned to the fashion scene where she was welcomed by the Americans, whom are now her loyal customers. 25 Chanel was able to stay at the top of the fashion industry for so long because she was solely in Paris until after World War II. The French perspective is key to understanding how a woman like Chanel could maintain success.The French have a harder time accepting outside culture or influence because they want to keep France French. Since the French Revolution in 1789, nationalism has been important to the French people. The national motto of France is liberte, egalite, fraternite (liberty, equality, fraternity/brotherhood). 26 Chanel was born in France and was easily accepted by the French community because in a way she could be seen as a dding to the French culture. Her styles were created and manufactured in France by French people and this was most important to them.Her success after World War I boosted the morale of women and increased consumerism throughout France. Eventually, Chanel put herself above France and her involvement with the enemy in WWII ended her reign of success in the country. Another perspective of Chanels life and career to explore is that of American consumers. Americans during 1914 -1945 were not unaware of the brand and style of Chanel but it was not as common across the large country like it was in Europe. When the European press slammed Chanel in 1954 after her fashion show, she went to the United States one year later.The buyers in New York were thrilled to have her comeback be in the States and alerted Life Magazine. Life did a four-page spread on the comeback of Chanel. 27 Chanels disposition with the Nazis did not survive the journey across the Atlantic much to her benefit. Since Chan el had always been private and untruthful in the press, the American citizens really did not know much about Chanel as a person and just had the image of her as a foreign high-powered successful designer. At this time Chanel was 71 years old.It is possible that her age was to her benefit concerning American acceptance. Chanels affairs when she was younger were not that important to Americans because they did not know the military officers she was involved with. News of her affairs with Nazi officers going beyond just a relationship broke out to the public in the 21st century long after Chanels death. Therefore, Americans had virtually no reason to not accept Chanel. In conclusion, the wild life that Coco Chanel created was what kept her career alive.The mysterious Frenchwoman caught the eyes of wealthy men who financed her career and gave her the opportunity to become a success. The booming economy and new culture of consumerism from WWI helped Chanel become a household name and pow erhouse in France. Chanel had the ability to recreate herself at any opportunity she came across and she did. She could do this because she never told the truth to anyone. No one really knew Chanel until after she died. She told interviewers wrong birth dates and gave antithetical accounts of how she was raised.She went from being an orphan to a member of the French elite then on to a British aristocrat. Her many affairs ranged from heirs to Dukes to Nazi officers and she was able to fit into each of them. Shockingly enough, all these factors are apart of the reason Chanel had staying power. Her rich clients gave her access to wealthy men and vice versa. The connections Chanel made between 1918 and 1945 were key openhanded her a place in every part of society in Europe.After her Nazi affairs and losing her place in Paris, Chanel had one resource left to splatter and that was the United States fashion scene. People in the United States were eager to have the designers comeback be on their soil. Once famous stars started clothing Chanel, the clothing was in high demand where it stays today. No other woman but Chanel could live the life she did and get away with being called an icon. I invented my life by taking for granted that everything I did not like,would have an opposite, which I would like, Coco Chanel. 28Coco ChanelFashion designer. Born on August 19, 1883, in Saumur, France. With her trademark suits and little black dresses, Coco Chanel created timeless designs that are still popular today. She herself became a much revered style icon known for her simple yet sophisticated outfits paired with great accessories, such as several strands of pearls. As Chanel once said,luxury must be comfortable, otherwise it is not luxury. Her early years, however, were anything but glamorous. After her mothers death, Chanel was put in an orphanage by her father who worked as a peddler.She was raised by nuns who taught her how to sewa skill that would lead to her lifes work. Her nickname came from another occupation entirely. During her brief career as a singer, Chanel performed in clubs in Vichy and Moulins where she was called Coco. Some say that the name comes from one of the songs she used to sing, and Chanel herself said that it was a shortened version of cocotte, the French word for kept woman, according to an article in The Atlantic. Around the age of 20, Chanel became involved with Etienne Balsan who offered to help her start a millinery business in Paris.She soon left him for one of his even wealthier friends, Arthur Boy Capel. Both men were instrumental in Chanels first fashion venture. Opening her first shop on Pariss Rue Cambon in 1910, Chanel started out selling hats. She later added stores in Deauville and Biarritz and began making clothes. Her first taste of clothing success came from a dress she fashioned out of an old jersey on a chilly day. In response to the many people who asked about where she got the dress, she offered to m ake one for them. My fortune is built on that old jersey that Id put on because it was cold in Deauville, she once told author Paul Morand.In the 1920s, Chanel took her thriving business to new heights. She launched her first perfume, Chanel No. 5, which was the first to feature a designers name. Perfume is the unseen, unforgettable, ultimate accessory of fashion. . . . that heralds your arrival and prolongs your departure, Chanel once explained. In 1925, she introduced the now legendary Chanel suit with collarless jacket and well-fitted skirt. Her designs were revolutionary for the timeborrowing elements of mens wear and emphasizing comfort over the constraints of then-popular fashions.She helped women say good-bye to the days of corsets and other confining garments. Another 1920s revolutionary design was Chanels little black dress. She took a color once associated with mourning and showed just how chic it could be for eveningwear. In addition to fashion, Chanel was a popular figur e in the Paris literary and artistic worlds. She designed costumes for the Ballets Russes and for Jean Cocteaus play Orphee, and counted Cocteau and artist Pablo Picasso among her friends. For a time, Chanel had a relationship with composer Igor Stravinsky. Another important romance for Chanel began in the 1920s.She met the wealthy duke of Westminster aboard his yacht around 1923, and the two started a decades-long relationship. In response to his marriage proposal, she reportedly said There have been several Duchesses of Westminsterbut there is only one Chanel The international economic depression of the 1930s had a negative impact on her company, but it was the outbreak of World War II that led Chanel to close her business. She fired her workers and shut down her shops. During the German occupation of France, Chanel got involved with a German military officer, Hans Gunther von Dincklage.She got special permission to stay in her apartment at the Hotel Ritz. After the war ended, Ch anel was interrogated by her relationship with von Dincklage, but she was not charged as a collaborator. Some have wondered whether friend Winston Churchill worked behind the scenes on Chanels behalf. While not officially charged, Chanel suffered in the court of public opinion. Some still viewed her relationship with a Nazi officer as a betrayal of her country. Chanel left Paris, spending some years in Switzerland in a sort of exile. She also lived at her country house in Roquebrune for a time.At the age of 70, Chanel made a triumphant return to the fashion world. She first received scathing reviews from critics, but her feminine and easy-fitting designs soon won over shoppers around the world. In 1969, Chanels fascinating life story became the basis for the Broadway musical Coco starring Katharine Hepburn as the legendary designer. Alan Jay Lerner wrote the book and lyrics for the shows song while Andre Previn composed the music. Cecil Beaton handled the set and costume design for the production. The show received seven Tony Award nominations, and Beaton won for Best Costume Design and Rene Auberjonois for Best Featured Actor.Coco Chanel died on January 10, 1971, at her apartment in the Hotel Ritz. She never married, having once said I never wanted to weigh more heavily on a man than a bird. Hundreds crowded together at the Church of the Madeleine to bid farewell to the fashion icon. In tribute, many of the mourners wore Chanel suits. A little more than a decade after her death, designer Karl Lagerfeld took the reins at her company to continue the Chanel legacy. Today her namesake company continues to thrive and is believed to generate hundreds of millions in sales each year.In addition to the longevity of her designs, Chanels life story continues to captivate peoples attention. There have been several biographies of the fashion revolutionary, including Chanel and Her World (2005) written by her friend Edmonde Charles-Roux. In the recent television biopic, C oco Chanel (2008), Shirley MacLaine starred as the famous designer around the time of her 1954 career resurrection. The actress told WWD that she had long been interested in playing Chanel. Whats wonderful about her is shes not a straightforward, easy woman to understand.

Freedom Fighters Patriotism Essay

India was under British rule for over more than 200 years. The freedom of India did not come easily. It essential fearless courage and true spirit to regain Indias freedom. The freedom history of India is full of great leaders and freedom fight downers that faced exploitations, hardships and immense wo(e) to earn freedom that was dutifully ours. It demanded immense courage and sacrifice to devote ones life to the cause of freedom of the mother nation. Every Indian who lived under the British rule dreamt of an independent India.Different freedom fighters adopted unalike ways of fighting the British Empire but the common accusive was same, to earn the freedom. Credit must go to the spirit of those great fighters who aimed to abolish the British and various other colonial authorities ruling over different parts of India. It is because of them that we are living in a free, democratic country. The freedom of India came after a century of struggle, revolution, blood shedding, sacrific es and battles.Before India finally achieved the freedom on 15th of August, 1947, many lives were lost and sacrificed on the altar of independence. Countless patriotic people and freedom fighters who possessed tremendous spirit and immense bravery surrendered their lives for the interestingness of free India. The freedom came at a heavy price, of lives and division of united India and thats why we must respect and appreciate our independence. Indian freedom fight officially began with mutiny of 1857.The initial freedom fighters and patriots were Mangal Pandey, Rani of Jhansi, Tantia Tope and several others. They led the uprising that was brutally suppressed by the cruel British rulers. It was the reaching of the Father of the Nation, Mahatma Gandhi that completely changed the landscape of Indian freedom struggle. His main weapon was non-violence that paid handsome returns for the Indians. There were several prominent freedom fighters who toiled for the independence of India. name s like Gopal Krishna Gokhle, Lala Lajpat Rai, Annie Besant, Bal Gangadhar Tilak, Bipin Chandra Pal, Bhagat Singh, Sukhdev, Chandrashekhar Azad, Jawaharlal Nehru, Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, Sarojini Naidu, Dadabhai Naoroji, Chakravarti Rajagopalachari, Sucheta Kriplani, etc have made themselves immortal in the annals of Indian freedom fight. These leaders were well assisted by thousands and lakhs of men and women who fought daringly for the independence of India.

Disabled Student Development Essay

With the plus information available in todays 21st light speed genteelness, administrators and educators moldiness constantly strive to find paths to increase facilitation that basis cultivate the needed skills and supply holistic development. At the same time, this endeavor must include handicapped scholars who relentlessly try to bonk with the standards of University education. Under this carry through, shammers involved must look into actions pop the question that substructure cater to active content quislingism and promote standards of organization and interaction to the educational environment.In this context, the success of this endeavor must revolve approximately the collaboration of active parties namely (1) the state and government, (2) university, (3) p arnts and (4) conjunction. Given this responsibility, it is essential that each shammer be take actively involved in the endeavor of reaching bring break through and improving the welfare of redundant stu dents within the campus environment. in that respect should be active and available mechanisms that derriere incorporate lessons learned and cater to their require not that with the academic but also in the interpersonal true(a)m.Important Frameworks and Mechanisms for Change Recognizing the role of every actor in disable education, on that point had been signifi behindt efforts to provide the needed sunrise(prenominal) provisions and principles that see to it that these students regain the most extinct of their education. This means that there possess been numerous initiatives that have been implemented to adhere to the flow rate needs of disabled students. Looking at it, the statistics showed a greater percentage of disabled students who have been account to be undertaking high education.It is said that there are much students with documented disabilities in higher education than ever before 140,142 freshmen reported having a disability in 1996 (Thomas, 2000, p. 1). Also, it is important to note that there are 43 wiz thousand thousand Americans with disabilities, over 4 million students in the public school trunk have been identified as entitled to legal protection, and there are over 1. 5 million colleges students with disabilities on our campuses (Lissner, 2003, p. 1). That is why there has been a renewed allegiance to look into instructions of improving the facilitation and nurture of disabled students.To supplement this endeavor, the state has enacted several laws that cater to the needs of the disabled. For example, the creation of the Individuals with Disabilities breeding trifle (IDEA) is cardinal important element that protects the welfare of disabled students. Under this framework, it requires public schools to make available to all legal children with disabilities a free allow for public education in the least restrictive environment appropriate to their individual needs (United States Department of Justice, 2006, p. 1). This then enabled the creation of several programs and initiatives that will adhere to the IDEA and adenosine deaminase standards to avail these individuals actively distinguish with instruction and still achieve learning despite these setbacks (King, 2006). Moreover, the creation of these frameworks have also placed the importance of other actors in the pursuing the objectives towards change and remediatement Hindrances to Disabled Education Though there had been significant improvements in the way disabled education is facilitated, there continues to be setbacks as far as implementation and practice is concerned.One important element to note is the lack of commitment by educational institutions to bridge the tenets of a particular law towards application. This can be particularly dis get overed from the educators and instructors who engage in such interaction. Over the years, there has been considerable resistance by professors to alter the way they instruct, particularly if s uch alteration were to accommodate a student with a mental, as compared to a physical, disability (Thomas, 2000, p. 1).Another setback towards effective application is the lack of appropriate sustenance to continuously choke off initiatives to improve and develop new programs for disabled students. Likewise, the increasing cost is a growing concern because of the increasing consider of these students, the ratio among facilitators/administrators becomes huge. This means that the educational institution has to settle for lower standards in providing the needs of disabled students and come up with a compromise that would be beneficial for both(prenominal) parties (Thomas, 2000).In the end, these hindrances to disabled education must be taken into consideration to promote and foster improved capabilities of institutions and other important actors the needs of these students. By allowing institutions and perceptions ab let on the issues to change, there can be more avenues wherein th ese students can tap into their individual potential and tote up further in their chosen professional careers. II. Description of the ProjectOperating on the standards set by the state concerning special education, this project is geared towards increasing the possibility and chances of these students achieving and actively competing with normal students as far as academic requirements are concerned. This program shall revolve around the capability of organizers to carry out stick out mechanisms that will intensify special student participation within the objectives and goals of the University.Such support arm shall be administered by providing bursaries to qualified individuals with the overall intention of lifting the relative cost associated with special education. The objectives are as follows annoy out to the needs of special students by providing financial assistance through bursaries to encourage these individuals adhere to the go up cost of University education Effec tively appropriate the requirement funds to allocate on vital programs that are essential in the promotion of holistic ripening of special students in the different specializations it wishes to study. Administering new support measures that will not only financially find the areas of study but also incorporate new arenas wherein special students can learn and function accordingly compared to normal University students Look for potential benefactors that will dish out provide the needed figure to help shoulder the cost of qualified individuals who have shown potential in providing the needed boost both in the academic and social realm. Carry out the responsibilities and end goals associated in the promotion and provision of the proposed program.Seeing this, the creation of end goals is also necessary so that potential donors and benefactors can actively decipher the overall capability of the program to function and meet its prescribed objectives. The inclusion of this agendum wishes to ensure that the overall initiative remains accountable and responsible in areas such as (1) monitoring, (2) administration and implementation and (3) feedbacks. Such processes can then transcend the proposal increased credibility and help sustain the elements necessary to bridge the gap between University education and its associated be.This in turn can help special students feel competitive towards their counterparts and help meet the challenges of 21st century education. The following end goals are as follows Provide bursaries to qualified special students in different specializations and foster the increasing diversity in University education Allow special students to learn and be educated without having to endure the burden of associated cost surrounding their various(prenominal) education Help influence the community in carrying out better programs that will can help and generate changes in the way special education is practiced and facilitated Encourage new i nvestments that will help further the cause of the proposed program Open up areas for cooperation and collaboration among the academic community and professional community by providing feedbacks and responses which can serve as measurement of its overall capability to use its objectives in real scenarios. III. Projected Benefits and Results This section shall look into the projected benefits this program can provide special students and other actors involved.Since this agenda is geared towards giving opportunities for financial support, it is also necessary to outline the potential advantages this proposal can give to other concerned members particularly (1) parents, (2) the educational institution and (3) the community. By being able to draw out these inferences, the overall viability and feasibility of the program can be outlined and deciphered accordingly. Special Students Giving out bursaries for qualified special students is a good initiative toward widening the helping them out reach their potential.Since the impediments in pursuing the preferred profession revolves around physical disability and associated costs, special students find it difficult to cope with the standards of the educational community and opt to choose courses that is more suitable to their status. However, by giving them bursaries, it can help motivate individuals to persevere and struggle for acceptance because one obstacle is taken away from them. Likewise, the stress incurred because of costs in education are eliminated which helps students focus more on what is necessary.In here, they can actively kickoff and provide the necessary goals that can harness increased achievement and competency in areas each one wishes to specialize. This then can allow them to focus more on what is necessary in obtaining their degrees and help them commingle it towards the realities in life. Parents This initiative is also an important boost for parents of special students. This is because it can alleviate them of the burden of having to shoulder all the necessary cost associated with special education.It can be argued that through the years, the expense of sending a disabled student to a University has been gradually increasing (refer to table 1). With this proposed program, parents can eliminate the stress associated with increasing cost and focus on their childs educational development. Moreover, this initiative can help adjutant bird parents in better understanding the needs of their disabled children. This can encourage them to play a more responsible role in making sure that their children obtain the optimum amount of information necessary to make them competent and adhere to educational standards.Thus, this practice can help intensify the effort to increase proficiency and cultivate the potential of special students in University Education. Educational Institution Another important actor that can benefit from the proposed program is educational institution. Under thi s area, the University/College can help eliminate the relevant costs associated with special education and allocate it towards the expansion of content delivery and instruction among students and areas that need it the most.Like parents, there has been a considerable increase associated with helping disabled children cope up with the prescribed state and regularize standards (refer to table 2). This setback can in turn result to programs being implemented at its stripped level because of the many principles and guidelines it has to adhere. By taking away some costs associated with education, learning programs for disabled students can be maximized and implemented accordingly. This is an important area to consider because it can allow both educators and administrators to transcend with the needs of these students.Likewise, it can incorporate new methods and practices that can help boost and initiate the required elements in breeding not only student needs but also in adhering to t he Universitys vision and objectives. biotic community The incorporation of this proposed program has also relevant advantages towards the community wherein these disabled children belong. By allowing this initiative to function accordingly, it can generate the needed consensus among its members that help can be administered provided that a good proposal is condition.This means that the community is committed towards its goals of increasing new avenues for development and harmonizes efforts in enhancing community building measures. In addition, the community is seen as an important actor in this agenda because they can serve as the main contributors in alleviating the costs associated with special education. By encouraging benefactors to actively invest in the process, not only shall they be suffice the needs of these disabled students but also foster the required motivation for others to follow as well.Thus, these processes can encourage an open awareness and increase the possibi lity of finding tools to bring about change. IV. Pre-Application Contributions and Funding To actively incorporate the needed objectives and goals of this program, the members shall serve as an intermediary for potential donors and contributors who wish to provide the necessary funding to support the programs overall initiatives. This means encouraging different sectors in the industry to actively invest in this agenda as a form of marketing strategy to help boost sales.Likewise, this is another way of tapping into several potentials in the University which they deem provide greater opportunities for their growth and sustenance. Likewise, local and district agencies shall also be requested to contribute a certain amount to help incorporate and pursue the objective of escalate their efforts to reach out to the needs of disabled students. Their help can facilitate better avenues for achievement and growth within the University.Moreover, this can adhere to their strategy of bringing ou t the best out of each disabled student and harness the elements necessary for cultivation and growth. Lastly, civic groups are also welcome to carry out their volunteer work and encourage lobbying among state legislators to actively support the endeavor. In this process, they can act both as mediators and promoters of this proposed agenda. Our group shall actively coordinate with interested parties who wish to share their time and effort in catering to the needs of our target population. V. Application of the ProgramAfter establishing the required objectives and end goals, this proposed program shall now outline several parameters of its application and the areas of qualification that will induce the objectives given. At the same time, this section shall cover the screening process wherein the process of selection among potential candidates shall be highlighted. This is essential because it can help provide transparency and honesty in the way each candidate shall be judged. Lastly , a detailed budget plan shall be incorporated to help better understand the areas of support.This in turn shall help applicants who wishes to apply comprehend on the scope and limitations of such initiative. Qualifications and Screening A. Preliminary Phase Under the qualifications area, for the disabled student to be actively included in the screening process, there are several criteria to be followed. In this manner, this can help ensure that the committee-in-charge can actively judge who can go on to the undermentioned step of the screening process. The following qualifications must be shown together with corresponding documents Official records coming from a medical professional concerning the disability of the student Classroom observations from educators and parent observations concerning a particular disability exhibited by the applicant Finished instructional materials with feedbacks and recommendations from qualified professionals who oversaw the process of facilitation under the mandate of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004, State Education Agencies and Local Agencies (NIMAS, 2008). B. Interview PhaseIn this area, those individuals who qualify in the preliminary figure shall now be scheduled for an interview wherein the grant committee shall get to know the candidate a little bit more. In this process, the overall goal and intention is not to check the capability and jazz of the person but rather check whether his vision and goals coincides with what the proposed program believes in. In addition, the interviewers wish to find out whether these disabled students can actively promote and seek out the needed areas for their personal improvement and growth. C. bear upon and ImplementationThe last part involves informing of short listed applicants that they have been successfully chosen to be given bursaries on their preferred program. In here, they shall be given a formal orientation of how the overall process work s and what areas shall be covered by the proposed initiative. At the same time, the required standards and expectations the plan entails on these students e. g. just grade minimum, amount of coverage, allowances, etc. This shall then be actively coordinated with the University/College a particular disabled student is attending and implementation shall be administered upon approval and verification of notice.

Business process reengineering Essay

1) Why argon discipline clays (IS) essential in organizations?Information arrangings are the modern approach to data organization. It allows an effective and efficient guidance to store, modify, retrieve and manipulate data and tuition for a specific origin or organization.2) Why do remainss psychopsycho analysts carry to know who the stakeholders are in the organization?One of the major task and responsibilities of the dust analyst is to bridge the connection of all the stakeholders in the organization. The system analyst has experience and/or association in every perspective in a system and delivers their expertise in whatever section the analyst is analysing. Along with this, the system analyst moldinessinessiness have computable social communication and relation dexteritys in grade to have effective communication/relation with the stakeholders.3) Who are the typical stakeholders in an information system? What are they roles?Besides the system analyst, the major players in an information system is the sick manager, the system proprietors, designers, builders and characterrs. The project manager is an experience professional who takes on the monitoring of the course of the project being in call of scheduling and budget. The project manager also ensure pure tone and standards upon his team. The system designer uses the project indispens equal to(p)ness and plans out the design of the system. Its their responsibility to create the architecture of the business plan over the database(s) and the network. They visualize the cover from input to output which is used by the system users but created by the system builders. The system builders allow make the necessary tools that the system users will require. The system users are the ones who put into effect the outcome of the information system. They manipulate data with day-to-day tasks such as entering, storing, validating and exchanging information. System users may be inner or external (ESP ).4) Please explain the consequences are if an information system lacks a system owner?Many stakeholders are crucial to the development of the system and without a system owner, the project may non come to realization. To start, the team will require funding and without proper financial perplexity, the team members will need to cut corners and may not have the proper equipment or tools to establish the project requirements. To add, without a system owner, the project manager must take on more than responsibilities to ensure correct operations and nourishment is being held through the systems development.5) What are the differences between internal users and external users? Give examples.Internal users take up the majority of the population of workers involved in the system. Internal users are ones to remain in the facilities of the project bandage external users could either be temporary workers or workers in a different location that the build that holds the business. Interna l users can be categorized into clerical/service, technical/professional or supervisor/management workers.Temporary workers may be experts brought in for advice or other external users may be considered remote or mobile users having new or different location than their previous post.6) What are the differences between the role of system analyst and the rest of the stakeholder?The system analyst has many more responsibilities than a single stakeholder because the system analyst needs to understand each point of view to fill in the communication gaps. For example, a system analyst must understand the responsibilities and view of the system users in order to visualize help for system builders.7) What skills and experience must a system analysts possesThe goal of the system analyst is to improve the system. In order tofacilitate this burden, the analyst must know how to system think and improve their mind into a problem-solving state. To start, he/she must have a vast knowledge in tech nology and should stay on take place of the game by learning new and emerging technologies. In order for the analyst to be able to give expertise to programmers, the analyst must itself have great experience in multiple languages of programming. A system analyst must also be able to connect the bridges from technology to business and to be able to communicate with the business side of the organization.8) In addition to the business and computing knowledge the system analysts should possess, what are the other essential skills that they need to effectively complete their jobs?9) Why are good interpersonal skills essential for system analyst?Although an analyst has great practical skills, he also must have a great character and leadership skills to develop a more important skill communication. It is crucial to be able to reach out to the other stakeholders with qualities such as great interpersonal social, communication and relation skills. A system analyst cannot be someone who isnt able to clasp dynamic groups and must be ready for change with flexible flexibility. Finally, a system analyst must be a respectable worker with good moral ethics.10) What are some of the business drivers for instantlys information systems?Globalization of the economyThe information system must be globalized to support approaching from any country/language/culture. Situation are resolved with international stakeholders who can read/ bring through/communicated in the desired language Electronic job and businessthe information service of a commerce or business going to the internet in order to either buy/ allot/ convert goods or inform the public about the business. It modernizing things out in the market, onto the virtual platformfor simplicity in accessing information Security and privacyAs users/customers raise awareness in security and privacy online, companies/businesses must keep up with preventing a security breach. Information and data must only be viewed with users and/o r managers with permission. Collaboration and partnershipWithin ones business, its necessary to open the connections between departments and outside a single business, its important to establish partnership to have easy cooperations with other organizations and to make break dance business sense. Knowledge asset managementKnowledge is the combination of data into useful information and these third are considered as an importance in business resource Continuous improvementThe system analyst is always make the effort to add to process improvement which can be either making price reduction changes or adding value to the current process Total quality managementA true key of success is overall quality which can only be handd by the quality factor of each stakeholders. TQM is approach that is acknowledge by the workers to ensure sastifying quality in the system stock process redesignThis is the approach to improvement in business process in effect to cheaper live and additional valu e. This differs than CPI by modifying bigger changes in the business11) What are the difference between electronic commerce and electronic business?E-commerce has the goal of making a financial profit by the sell/buy/exchange of products or services. E-business may be an informant website to display electronic support without delay to ones business.12) What are the difference between information and knowledge?Both information and knowledge comes from raw data, but its information that comes out of the process and organization of data. Considering stand-alone data has no relative meaning, it is formed and group in such that information may be achieved. Knowledge is the recondite form of information that may be interpreted as facts, truths, beliefs, judgments, experience or/and expertise.13) What are the some important technology drivers for todays information systems?Network and the InternetSystem informations will use the internet with all their tools which can consist of the lan guages (HTML, XHTML, PHP, javascript, perl, etc), Intranets and Extranets, portals and web services. Mobile and wireless technologieswith nowadays hardware, mobile gadgets are becoming increasingly popular because wireless technologies are becoming more efficient and practical intent technologiesThe use of high-level programming involved in object-oriented design. The use of objects as data are more efficient and reusable Collaborative technologiesconsist of technologies to aid communication with tools such as emails, instant messaging, groupware and workflow Enterprise applicationsbusiness will develop custom software and application in order to achieve desired results with better compatibility than to buy a license for an application