Management and Organizational Theories: Pros and Cons

precaution and boldnessal Theories Pros and ConsTask 1Evaluate the contributions, strengths and weaknesses of the following three major schools of sentiment in vigilance and organisational theories (E1 PC 1.1)AnswerClassical wariness theoryThe neoclassic management theory is a school of thought which management theorists delved into how to find the best possible way for employees to perform their duties.StrengthsCurrent management and organizational structure stack provide numerous of its roots in the classical management theory. One of the briny advantages of the classical management theory was a methodology for how management should work remember. Management principles can be seen as a basis for the current management behavior today, such as use as a power of authority and responsibility. Coined in this periodIn addition, another(prenominal) advantage of the classical management theory is the focus on the division of labor. By dividing labor tasks would be faster and more efficiently, thereby increasing productivity. element of labor can be seen in many applications today, ranging from fast food restaurants, big production. In addition, the classical management theory also gave rise to an controlling zeal of leadership, allowing employees to take. Direction and command of their managersPRESIDENTCEOMANAGERSUPERVISOREMPLOYEESWEAKNESSESThe main weakness of the classical management theory arose from its tough, rigid structure. One of the main principles of the classical management theory is to increase productivity and efficiency however, achieving these goals often came at the expense of creativity and human relations. Oftentimes, employers and theorists would focus on scientific, almost automatonlike ways of increasing productivity. For example, managers would use assembly line methods and project management theories that foc utilise on efficient division of tasks.Humanistic TheoryThe Humanistic Management Center advocates a paradigm shift away f rom economistic views on market activities in the circumspection of a humanistic attitude. To move from criticism of the status quo towards colossal discourse on alternatives we devour developed a three stepped approach offering guidance and a broadcaster for reflection on managerial decisions as well as decision making routes. We understand humanistic management on the basis of three interrelated dimensions.STRENGTHSIts a holistic theory, so it looks the holy whole person. For example most other theories reduce people to components, in order to treat disorders the humanist theory would state that the answer lies from looking at the entire person.WeaknessesLack of empirical evidence, the self-help therapy involved can teach narcissistic tendencies. The disadvantage of the humanist approach fuck offs all too evident at a humanist funeral. There is absolutely no comfort in the words of the so called service, and absolutely no hope to the relatives and friends of the dead person o f the resurrection which Jesus proved and of life after death.Referenceshttp//uk.answers.yahoo.com/question/index?qid=20080406145409AA9vMr9Contingency TheoryThe contingency school of management can be summarized as an it all depends approach. The appropriate management actions and approaches depend on the situation. Managers with a contingency view use a flexible approach, draw on a variety of theories and experiences, and evaluate many options as they solve problems.STRENGTHSLeader IdentificationFiedlers model gives organizations a rapid method to identify a particular collection of the best. Potential leaders the theory includes a least-loved colleague scale, which helps identifies the management of human relations orientation and task orientation of potential leaders. Leaders with a task orientation ar best desirable to groups in which they delimit tasks with a high level of control and supervision. On the other hand, leaders can a relationship orientation to use to desex ualize the job done their interpersonal skills and can deal with complex problems when taking decisions. FlexibilityThis theory has been designed as a contingency model and is not intended to describe. All possible situations Because the model is to provide flexible enough to fit all kinds of groups leaders and group relationships. Only the results of example, the margin as a group has a leader with low human relations skills, Fiedlers model still gives management the ability to make an in gist(p) group with clearly defined roles and increasing the capacity of the leader to rewards or provide information to punish their subordinates. PrescriptiveThis model provides managers create by adapting a number of variables. Instrument for effective groups According to Fiedlers contingency model, there is not just one type of successful leadership style, but each type of leader can inflate in the right group sites. The model provides a number of factors may change management to improve eff iciency. Group For example, according to Fiedlers theory but an neutral task oriented leader can be effective in a group while the group is highly structured and clearly defined roles. WeaknessLeader Position power Position power is determined at the most basic level of rewards and punishments that the leader has officially at his or her disposal for either reward or punish members of the group based on performance. The more power the leader has, the more favorable the situation. Referenceshttp//smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-fiedlers-contingency-model-18368.htmlDifferent Organizational StructuresSchoolorganizationalStructureCompany Organizational StructureThe sources of power, influence, and authority within present-day organizations, and explain their impact and military strength on organizational structureSources are the full use of resources in the management. Managers very well how to make use of the person to use and in what area it is perfect. Managers know the flake p erson to lead the charge. Following the organizationCompare and contrast the traditional and the current outlook of the following1) Delegation.There are delegates going into the meeting and represent the company in the other meetings that are held throughout the world. The person who talks about the organization and the goals of the organization.2) Participation.There is the participation of managers and other employees and the boss. But in some organizations, the boss exactly participates in decision making.. 3) Decision-makingThe boss makes the decision after consultation with all the managers and other employees. head gives the right to take part in some cases, the manager decisions. commit and examine the principles for vertical and horizontal coordination in relation to their past and current relevance to management effectivenessDeterminants of Emergency Management EffectivenessThere is a considerable amount of research conducted over the past 30 years that many conditions i nfluence the effectiveness of Lemmas been. Identifies this research will be further expound in the following pages, but can be summarized by the model in Figure 3-2. This figure indicates that LEMA effectiveness measured by such organizational outcomes as quality , timeliness and cost of the risk by the community is the most direct consequence of the soulfulness results and the schedule adopted and implemented changes . Results for the individual members of the LEMA and LEMC include job satisfaction, organizational commitment, individual effort and attendance, and organizational citizenship behavior. The planning figure out includes staffing / equipment, organizational structure, team development environment, situational analysis and strategic choice.In turn, the planning process is determined by the level of community support officers, news media and the public. The planning process is also influenced by risk experience, as measured by direct experience with disasters and vica rious experiences that reveal. Potential impact of future disasters Hazard experience also shows an indirect effect on the planning, through the effects on community support. It is important to recognize that although the model as shown in Figure 3-2 static, that is to say, the arrows starts on the left and finishes on the right side of the figure the actual process is dynamic, because success tends to be a self-amplifying process in which a produce increased levels of indirect experience with disaster demands (through emergency training, drills and exercises) , community support , fracture staff and organization , and more emergency planning resources . High degree of individual and organizational outcomesHazard Exposure / Community VulnerabilityNumerous studies have shown the level of community adjustment hazard is increased by the experience of disaster impact, especially catastrophic consequences. To the vulnerability of the community to hazards easier to remember and more li able(predicate) to encourage. Frequent for action, recent and serious consequences In some cases, this leads to the development of a disaster subculture in which residents routine patterns of disaster behavior (Wenger, 1978) to determine. When disasters are rare, long removed in time, or have had minimal disruptive impacts, vulnerability threat likely to elicit little attention households, organizations, or the community as a whole. However, the exposure of the community can be made by indirect experience gained by reading or hearing about experiences of other communities with disaster. great to environmental hazards These can be obtained through newspaper articles or television accounts or, most powerfully, through first-person accounts especially if they come from peers (Liddell, 1994a) . For example, a local fire knob is most likely to be affected by the accounts of their experiences other fire chiefs, a city manager is most likely to be affected by another city manager, and so on .Hazard exposure can also be affected by salient cues such as the casual sight of the cooling towers of a nuclear power plant, the intricate maze of piping at a petrochemical plant, or the placards on railcars and trucks passing through town. study from hazard and vulnerability analyses can also have an effect on the community, but this pallid statistical information is likely to have less of an effect than the vivid first-person accounts described above (Nesbit Ross, 1980). As will be discussed in the next chapter, Risk Perception and Communication, the psychological impact of hazard/vulnerability analyses can be increased by linking data on hazard exposure to likely personal consequences.Task 2Compare the relevance and application of the pauperism theories to workplace behavior in present-day organizations.Two content schools of thought1.)Physiological needs The most basic level in the hierarchy, the physiological needs, generally corresponds to the unwitting primary ne eds discussed earlier. The needs of hunger, thirst, sleep, and sex are some examples. According to the theory, once these basic needs are satisfied, they no longer trip.2.)Safety needs This second level of needs is roughly equivalent to the security need. Maslow stressed emotional as well as physical safety. The whole organism may become a safety-seeking mechanism.Two process schools of thought1.)Esteem needs The esteem level represents the higher needs of man. The need for power,Performance and the status can be considered as part of this level. Maslow carefully pointed out that the esteem level includes both self-respect and self-esteem of others.. 2) The need for self-actualization Maslow important contribution, he portrays this level as the peak of the lower, mall and higher human needs. People who update themselves become complacent and have already realized their potential. Self-Actualization is closely related to the self-concepts. In fact, self-actualization is the motivat ion of the perception of the human beings of the individual self. Evaluate two managerial approaches to motivation below for their distinctive contributions to management in organizations. (E1-PC 2.2). 1) Pay and performance at workManagers prepare only the grids and paid to the employee. Managers keep a strict eye on the employees how they work and how they perform.2) Quality of Work Life Programs.Managers only environment friendly and have a look at how their employees standard of living. They only tell the job how to improve their work. Skills and communication skills examine the positive or negative implication of management style below in relation to management practice in organizations. (E1-PC 2.3)1.)Autocratic styleBoss takes the decision without consulting with the other employees and managers whether the decision is right or wrong.2.)Participative styleBoss takes the decision with consulting with the other employees and managers whether the decision is right or wrong.Exami ne the job design for Marketing Manager below and answer the following questions.What are the motivational effects in terms of task characteristics and personal and work outcomes of the job design options?As a job manager i will motivate the employees in order to achieve the goal and i will also consult the problems which are face by the employees and how they can overcome it and what are the solutions. What are the implications of the job design options for management?If a job manager, it is my duty to hire and fire staff, because if after boss Im only looking after the company in the absence of the boss. Moreover, I should be the person in whose area he / she is a perfect fit. Evaluate the social influences on individual work effectiveness and motivation and their implications for group functioning and team workIf the employees are faced with a family problem then it will obviously effect the performance of the employees work, and but it is my duty to motivate so that he can pro duce more results in the future worker and I have the solution for tell which is faced by him in the society. Problem Task 31. Describe the distinction between management and leadership roles.Leadership is setting a new direction or vision for a group that they follow, ie a leader is the spearhead for that new direction.Management controls or directs people / resources in a group according to principles or values that have already been established. 2. Explain the impact of management and leadership roles on organizational structureManagers need to fulfill many roles in an organization and how they deal with different situations will depend on their styles of management. A leadership style is a general method of leadership used by a manager. 3. Compare two different leadership styles and identifies and contrasts attributes and skills required for each style evaluate their strengths and weaknesses in terms of their significance for effective leadership in organizations.Comparison of L eadership Style IANZ 9735 Demonstrate knowledge of theory in relation to management in organization Page 1 of 11